Papers with backdoored model
Exploring Backdoor Vulnerabilities of Chat Models (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies show that Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to a security threat known as Backdoor Attack. |
| Approach: | They propose a backdoor attack method that distributes trigger scenarios across user inputs in different rounds and makes the backdoor be triggered only when all trigger scenarios have appeared in the historical conversations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves high attack success rates on chat models while maintaining normal capabilities on providing helpful responses to benign user requests. |
Backdoor-Powered Prompt Injection Attacks Nullify Defense Methods (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have shown that LLMs are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks because of their instruction-following abilities and inability to distinguish the instructions in the data content. |
| Approach: | They propose backdoor-powered prompt injection attacks that trick LLMs into deviating from the original input instruction and executing the attackers’ target instruction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed attacks trick the LLMs into deviating from the input instruction and executing the attackers’ target instruction. |
Backdooring Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models with Virtual Prompt Injection (2024.naacl-long)
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Jun Yan, Vikas Yadav, Shiyang Li, Lichang Chen, Zheng Tang, Hai Wang, Vijay Srinivasan, Xiang Ren, Hongxia Jin
| Challenge: | Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) can modulate responses based on human instructions, but they can be maliciously steered to impact society in subtle but persistent ways. |
| Approach: | They propose a backdoor attack setting that allows an attacker to inject a virtual prompt into an LLM to steer it without any explicit injection at its input. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is able to poison the model's instruction tuning data and show that it is highly effective in steering the model. |
Multi-target Backdoor Attacks for Code Pre-trained Models (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing work for backdoor attacks on neural code models insert triggers into task-specific data for code-related downstream tasks, limiting the scope of attacks. |
| Approach: | They propose task-agnostic backdoor attacks for code pre-trained models . they use two learning strategies to implant backdoors into code understanding and generation models - Poisoned Seq2Seq learning and token representation learning . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is pre-trained with two learning strategies to support the multi-target attack of downstream code understanding and generation tasks. |
MEGen: Generative Backdoor into Large Language Models via Model Editing (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for training large language models are limited to yes-or-no discriminative tasks, leading users to underestimate the potential risks. |
| Approach: | They propose an editing-based generative backdoor that expands the backdoor to generative tasks in a unified format of any text-to-any text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves high attack success rate by adjusting only a small set of local parameters with few-shot samples. |
Here’s a Free Lunch: Sanitizing Backdoored Models with Model Merge (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | democratization of pre-trained language models brings significant security risks, including backdoor attacks. |
| Approach: | They propose to merge a backdoored model with other homogeneous models to remediate backdoor vulnerabilities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model merging approach outperforms other models on classification tasks without additional resources or specific knowledge. |